The cliff behind Redcliffs School collapsed onto the houses below. In the case of the Christchurch earthquakes, liquefaction and damage to buildings occurred. They started work immediately in a multi-agency response to the collapse of the CTV Building on Madras Street. In September 2010, Christchurch was shaken by the magnitude 7.1 Darfield earthquake, caused by movement along faults west of the city on the Canterbury Plains. not including outlying urban areas from other districts, Christchurch continues to have a significantly larger population over Wellington.[239][240]. The army provided desalination plants, and bottled supplies were sent in by volunteers and companies. It was about 5 km underground. The cost of the rebuild is set to be $16 million. [2] The earthquake struck the Canterbury region in New Zealand's South Island and was centred 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) south-east of the centre of Christchurch,[10] New Zealand's second-most populous city. [200] The Royal Commission made a total of 189 recommendations and found that the Canterbury Television building should not have been granted a building permit by the Christchurch City Council. Rescue efforts continued for over a week, then shifted into recovery mode. The Transforming boundary was involved in the Christchurch earthquakes. quake hit like a 'bomb', Canadians say; Harper offers Canada's help", "Christchurch earthquake: David Cameron texts New Zealand counterpart", Chinese, Japanese and Filipino students feared dead in Christchurch rubble, "Obama sends U.S. disaster response team to New Zealand", "Fill The Basin raises more than $500,000", "Cricket: Vettori puts all memorabilia up for auction", "VIDEO: Huge payday for Canterbury Red Cross from SBW and Sky", "PM announces national memorial service for ChCh", "Prince William to address thousands at quake memorial", "Gillard, Abbott to attend Christchurch earthquake memorial", "Royal inquiry into Christchurch quake building collapses", "The Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission", "CTV royal commission finds deficiencies", "Christchurch will be 'world's most quake-safe city, "Commission dollars drained by Christchurch earthquakes", "Christchurch campervan village to house hundred", "Christchurch earthquake: Entire streets may be abandoned", "Mark Wilson (Principal of Cashmere High School) – Canterbury Earthquake – Checkpoint", "Seat of learning shifts to marquees and portacoms", "Tent-town campus planned for Canterbury University", "Pupils to return to shared sites in earthquake-stricken Christchurch", "1010 refugee pupils swell schools' rolls", "Repaired Linwood College ready for classes", "Seven Chch schools to close, 12 to merge", "New Zealand Cricket Offices Hit By Earthquake", "Plunket Shield rejigged in wake of earthquake", "Schedule shift saves team from Christchurch quake", "Crusaders withdraw from Hurricanes match – draw declared", "Trafalgar Park to be Crusaders' temporary home", "Canterbury Tactix need match, training venues", "Canterbury Tactix game moved to Rotorua", "NZRL consider Anzac test venue in wake of quake", "League: Anzac test shifted from Christchurch", "Christchurch earthquake: Law change needed to cancel census", "2013 Census announcement – Media Release", "Quake barely touches likely 2031 head tally", "Before the 2011/12 earthquakes, Christchurch had overtaken Wellington to become New Zealand's second largest city", "Christchurch no longer second biggest city", "Investing in Christchurch 'doesn't stack up, "Brian Gaynor: Quake wake up call for disaster insurer", "Christchurch quake: EQC has enough money and 'reinsurance' to cover cost – English", "New Zealand's Earthquake May Become Costliest Insured Disaster Since 2008", "Disaster could cost insurance sector $12bn", "Quake injuries payout likely to be ACC's biggest ever", "Key Expects New Zealand Central Bank to Lower Rates, Sends Kiwi Tumbling", "The Canterbury Earthquakes: Scientific answers to critical questions", Christchurch earthquake official statements, Satellite radar images of earth deformation, "Preliminary Report from the Christchurch 22 Feb 2011 6.3mw Earthquake: Pre-1970s RC(reinforced concrete) and RCM(reinforced concrete blocks masonry) Buildings, and Precast Staircase Damage", Visual representation of Christchurch earthquakes since 4 September 2010, Canterbury Earthquake Response and Recovery Act 2010, Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Christchurch_earthquake&oldid=990923688, Articles with dead external links from August 2015, Articles with failed verification from June 2019, Articles with incomplete citations from March 2012, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. A state of local emergency was initially declared by the Mayor of Christchurch, which was superseded when the government declared a state of national emergency, which stayed in force until 30 April 2011. During the Canterbury earthquakes of September 2010 and February 2011, liquefaction caused silt and fine sand to boil up and bury streets and gardens and caused buildings and vehicles to sink. One person died of a heart attack suffered during the quake, but doctors could not determine whether the quake was the cause. [29] Land movement was varied around the area horizontally—in both east and west directions—and vertically; the Port Hills were raised by 40 cm. [255], The Christchurch earthquake of 2011 had widespread mental health effects on the population. Bottom: Transform. [258][262] It's thought that natural disasters, such as earthquakes, are able to induce these positive effects because they affect an entire community, in comparison to an event that targets only an individual. On 13th June 2011 two large earthquakes measuring 5.5 and 6.3 on the Richter Scale hit Christchurch City, in the South Island of New Zealand. [112] Between 6,600 and 6,800 people were treated for minor injuries,[113] and Christchurch Hospital alone treated 220 major trauma cases connected to the quake. [97] Three deaths were reported in the Sumner area, according to the Sumner Chief Fire Officer. These areas were placed into a residential red zone. Both COGIC, French Civil Protection and the American USGS requested the activation of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters on the behalf of MCDEM New Zealand, thus readily providing satellite imagery for aid and rescue services. 1.8 times the acceleration of gravity),[22] with the highest recording 2.2g, at Heathcote Valley Primary School,[3] a shaking intensity equivalent to MM X+. This was the second major earthquake to hit the city; the previous quake occurred on 4 September 2010 and registered at a 7.1 magnitude. [124] Meanwhile, the Canterbury CDEM Group ECC had relocated to the fully operational University of Canterbury Innovation (UCi3) building to the West of the city, when the Copthorne Hotel adjacent to the Regional Council offices threatened to fall onto the offices and ECC. For personal effects, EQC pays out the first NZ$20,000 plus tax. However, there are some conspiracy theories out there suggesting there is more behind the quakes than we are told. Canterbury earthquake of 4 September 2010, List of tallest buildings in Christchurch, St Paul's-Trinity-Pacific Presbyterian Church, International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, Urban Search and Rescue California Task Force 2, Canterbury Earthquake Commemoration Day Act 2011, The Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission, UC CEISMIC Canterbury Earthquakes Digital Archive, List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll, "M 6.2 Christchurch Tue, Feb 22 2011: Technical", "M 6.2 Christchurch Tue, Feb 22 2011: Story", "Ice breaks off glacier after Christchurch quake", "List of deceased – Christchurch earthquake", "M 6.2 Christchurch Tue, Feb 22 2011: Details", "M 6.1 – South Island of New Zealand: Regional information", "Factors combined to intensify Chch quake", "New Zealand hit by strong quake, 65 dead", "Deadly quake could be sign of more to come", "Christchurch earthquake: Rockfall threat still strong, say experts", "Christchurch quake press conference Monday morning", "The Christchurch Feb 22nd Earthquake: A Personal Report", "New Zealand quake raises questions about L.A. buildings", "Second Christchurch fault much better behaved", "Christchurch earthquake: Wrecker's tip for leaning tower", "Christchurch earthquake: Radar points to rupturing of single fault", "Port Hills half a metre taller after Christchurch earthquake", "22 February 2011 – Christchurch badly damaged by magnitude 6.3 earthquake", "Christchurch earthquake: Deadly tremors rebounded on city", "New Zealand Earthquake Report – Apr 16 2011 at 5:49 pm (NZST)", "Damage assessed after 'violent' 5.3 aftershock hits Christchurch", "New Zealand Earthquake Report – Jun 13 2011 at 1:01 pm (NZST)", "Magnitude 6.0, Mon Jun 13 2011 2:20 PM: Technical", "Magnitude 6.0, Mon Jun 13 2011 2:20 PM: Details", "Workmen unscathed as Timeball Station collapses", "Canterbury Earthquake: Fire Service struggling to cope with rescue effort", "Canterbury Earthquake: Main roads to Christchurch open", "Christchurch quake: 'Dead bodies lying around, "New Zealand earthquake: 65 dead in Christchurch", "Christchurch quake: 'Buildings just piled on top of people, "How will we rebuild our shattered city? The 2011 Canterbury Earthquakes caused significant damage. The increased liquefaction caused significant ground movement, undermining many foundations and destroying infrastructure, damage which "may be the greatest ever recorded anywhere in a modern city". Christchurch being New Zealand’s second most populated city, there were many casualties caused by the earthquake. It is the third time the census has been cancelled in New Zealand; the other occasions occurred in 1931, due to the Great Depression, and in 1941 due to World War II. ... We will be doing everything we can to work with our New Zealand family, with Prime Minister Key and his emergency services personnel, his military officers, his medical people, his search and rescue teams. The earthquake was felt across the South Island and parts of the lower and central North Island. [12][21], The peak ground acceleration (PGA) in central Christchurch exceeded 1.8g (i.e. February's earthquake was forecast . After a downturn in demand, a second wave of patients started arriving, many with much more severe injuries. [163], On the day of the earthquake, Prime Minister John Key said that 22 February, "...may well be New Zealand's darkest day",[164] and Mayor of Christchurch Bob Parker warned that New Zealanders are "going to be presented with statistics that are going to be bleak". [208], The UC CEISMIC Canterbury Earthquakes Digital Archive programme was established in 2011 by University of Canterbury Professor Paul Millar. The earthquake in February 2011 occurred at 12:51 p.m. and just 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the center of Christchurch. A second team of 70 from Queensland, Queensland Task Force 1, (including three sniffer dogs),was sent the following day on board a RAAF C-17 . [22] The PGA is also one of the greatest-ever ground accelerations recorded in the world,[24] and was unusually high for a 6.2 quake,[25] and the highest in a vertical direction. The earthquake epicentre was near Lyttelton, just 10 kilometres south-east of Christchurch’s central business district. Smoking prevalence increases following Canterbury earthquakes. The crew of the Navy ship Canterbury, in Lyttelton harbour at the time of the earthquake, provided meals for 1,000 people left homeless in that town,[151] and accommodation for a small number of locals. [199], The inquiry began in April 2011 and was completed in November 2012. [48] A number of cars were crushed by falling debris. ... Earthquakes can cause sections of earth to liquefy and push up to the surface as watery silt. [159], The 66 kV subtransmission cables supplying Dallington and New Brighton zone substations from Transpower's Bromley substation were damaged beyond repair, which necessitated the erection of temporary 66 kV overhead lines from Bromley to Dallington and Bromley to New Brighton to get power into the eastern suburbs. A composite "Christchurch Response Centre" was established in the Christchurch Art Gallery, a modern earthquake-resilient building in the centre of the city which had sustained only minor damage. [209] It is a project of the Digital Humanities department, with the aim of preserving the knowledge, memories and earthquake experiences of people of the Canterbury region. Before the earthquake occurred, there were many disaster response personnel and government officials from the US an [23] This is the highest PGA ever recorded in New Zealand; the highest reading during the September 2010 event was 1.26g, recorded near Darfield. On one of their journeys, an RAAF Hercules sustained minor damage in an aftershock. Prime Minister John Key confirmed that, "All Civil Defence procedures have now been activated; the Civil Defence bunker at parliament is in operation here in Wellington. [149] They were supplemented by 116 soldiers from the Singapore Army, in Christchurch for a training exercise at the time of the earthquake, who assisted in the cordon of the city. [20] By comparison, the 2010 quake—in which damage was predominantly to pre-1970s buildings—exerted 65% of the design loading on buildings. Trajectories of posttraumatic growth and depreciation after two major earthquakes. The February earthquake occurred during lunchtime on a weekday when the CBD was busy, and many buildings were already weakened from the previous quakes. The earthquake's epicentre was at 43.58 degrees S and 172.68 degrees E, the devastating earthquake was caused by a hidden fault (Port Hills Fault) that had shifted. [256] Because large number of citizens are being displaced, it is difficult to find a representative sample population. A September 2010 earthquake centered 40 kilometers (25 miles) west of Christchurch, in the plains near Darfield, struck at 4:35 a.m., had a magnitude of 7.1, and caused some structural damage and one death (by heart attack). Finance Minister Bill English advised that the effects of the 2011 quake were likely to be more costly than the September 2010 quake. [103], The quake was felt as far north as Tauranga[104] and as far south as Invercargill, where the 111 emergency network was rendered out of service. [249][250], The Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) announced it would be the largest single event they had paid out for, with an estimated 7,500 injury claims costing over $200 million. [14][15] The peak ground acceleration (PGA) was extremely high, and simultaneous vertical and horizontal ground movement was "almost impossible" for buildings to survive intact. [157], Humanitarian support and welfare were provided by various agencies, in particular the New Zealand Red Cross[158] and the Salvation Army. [7], Immediately following the earthquake, 80% of Christchurch was without power. 3 000 buildings in total were inspected, of that total 45% were deemed unsafe and were given a yellow or red sticker. What caused the quake: plate movement between the Oceania (best name to describe the Australian plate without discriminating against anyone) & Antartica (yes it has it's own tectonic plate). This was a new phenomenon for most New Zealanders, yet it has been a feature during earthquakes throughout this … What happened to the buildings? The September earthquake happen… [256][257][260] It is predicted that the people who are displaced experience the worst of the damage, and therefore the reported levels of PTSD and depression are often lower than they would have been had the displaced citizens been available to collect data from. What caused the 2011 Christchurch earthquake in New zealand? [79], The historic Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings were severely damaged, with the Stone Chamber completely collapsing.[14][80]. Soil liquefaction and surface flooding also occurred. [100] Large boulders were found on the lawns of damaged houses. The EQC again covers all amounts above NZ$4 billion. The Christchurch Earthquake (2011) Home; Causes ; Impacts ; Mitigation; References; Casualties, Damages and Other Effects. The EQC pays out the first NZ$1.5 billion in claims, and the reinsurance companies are liable for all amounts between NZ$1.5 billion and NZ$4 billion. A decision was made to remove the dome because the supporting structure was weakened. [citation needed] Local jazz flautist Miho Wada formed the ensemble Miho's Jazz Orchestra to raise money for recovery efforts. The fault slopes southward beneath the Port Hills and did not break the surface – scientists used instrument measurements to determine its location and movement. The surrounding districts, Selwyn and Waimakariri, have two of the three highest growth rates in New Zealand, at 2.2% and 1.6%, respectively. A September 2010 earthquake centered 40 kilometers (25 miles) west of Christchurch, in the plains near Darfield, struck at 4:35 a.m., had a magnitude of 7.1, and caused some structural damage and one death (by heart attack). The 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a 6.3 magnitude earthquake which struck the South Island of New Zealand at 12:51 pm on 22 February 2011 NZT. It excluded the investigation of any questions of liability, the earthquake search and rescue effort, and the rebuilding of the city. Each individual can react differently to traumatic events, and more research needs to be done to learn how to predict vulnerability and access the effects to find solutions that work best. [122] On 23 February the Minister of Civil Defence, John Carter declared the situation a state of national emergency,[123] the country's first for a civil defence emergency (the only other one was for the 1951 waterfront dispute). The President also made a call to Prime Minister Key. 185 people were killed in the February earth quake … [16] Liquefaction was significantly greater than that of the 2010 quake, causing the upwelling of more than 200,000 tonnes of silt[17][18] which needed to be cleared. [168] Waste water and sewerage systems were severely damaged.
Abstract. Earth science information (data, knowledge, advice) can enhance the evidence base for land-use decision-making. Erskine, N., Daley, V., Stevenson, Su. What are they now doing to clear the mess up? [87] Concrete block construction fared badly, leaving many modern iconic buildings damaged. Marian College did not return to the original site in Shirley but instead moved to a site at Cathedral College on Barbadoes Street. "[19], While both the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes occurred on "blind" or unknown faults, New Zealand's Earthquake Commission had, in a 1991 report, predicted moderate earthquakes in Canterbury with the likelihood of associated liquefaction. Read more about the 2011 Christchurch earthquake on NZHistory. The number of international guest nights had declined by just 6% after the September earthquake, but fell by a further third following the February earthquake. Because the earthquake hit during the lunch hour, some people on the footpaths were buried by collapsed buildings. 3 000 buildings in total were inspected, of that total 45% were deemed unsafe and were given a yellow or red sticker. [136] A team of 55 Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team members from the Singapore Civil Defence Force were sent. [26] The central business district (CBD) experienced PGAs in the range of 0.574 and 0.802 g.[27] As a comparison, the 7.0 Mw 2010 Haiti earthquake had an estimated PGA of 0.5g. On 6 June, a large aftershock measuring 5.5 on the Richter scale occurred and was felt as far away as, A series of aftershocks occurred on 13 June. [166][167] Mains water supply was re-established to 70% of households within one week. [64] Search of the building was technically difficult for USAR teams, requiring the deconstruction of 4-tonne stair sets, but the building was cleared with no victims discovered.[65]. The Anglican Church decided to demolish the building and replace it with a new structure, but various groups opposed the church's intentions, with actions including taking a case to court. [7] Fire-fighting and recovery operations resumed that night,[58] later joined by a Japanese search and rescue squad. "Christchurch earthquake" redirects here. The 2011 Chrischurch earthquake was caused by movement of the Oceanic Plate and the Antarctic Plate. JPMorgan Chase & Co say the total overall losses related to this earthquake may be US$12 billion. The International Rugby Board and the New Zealand Rugby World Cup organisers announced in March 2011 that the city would be unable to host the World Cup matches. [107] KiwiRail also delayed 14 March departure of its Interislander ferry Aratere to Singapore for a 30-metre (98 ft) extension and refit prior to the 2011 Rugby World Cup. [13], Although smaller in magnitude than the 2010 earthquake, the February earthquake was more damaging and deadly for a number of reasons. [177] Kamalesh Sharma, Commonwealth Secretary-General, sent a message of support to the Prime Minister and stated "our heart and condolences go immediately to the bereaved." [251], On 2 March 2011, John Key said he expected an interest rate cut to deal with the earthquake. [135] They also responded to fires, serious structural damage reports, and landslides working with structural engineers, seismologists and geologists, as well as construction workers, crane and digger operators and demolition experts. [51], Damage occurred to many older buildings, particularly those with unreinforced masonry and those built before stringent earthquakes codes were introduced. [62] The reinforced concrete building had been constructed in 1963–1964. [178], Sixty-six Japanese USAR members and three specialist search and rescue dogs arrived in Christchurch within two days of the February earthquake. [237], In the year to June 2011, the population of Christchurch had fallen by 8,900 people or 2.4% of its population, with a historic annual population growth of 1%. [243][244][245], Claims from the 2010 shock were estimated at NZ$2.75–3.5 billion. The USGS said the recent earthquakes are caused by the lateral movement of the edges of one of these regional faults in a process known as "strike-slip" faulting. A Central City Red Zone was established on the day of the earthquake as a public exclusion zone in central Christchurch. [91] Two people died on local walking tracks after being hit by rockfalls. The Earthquake had a magnitude of 6.3 and an epicentre of 43.58°S, 172.68°E. Killing 185 people, the 2011 Christchurch earthquake is recorded as the nation’s most deadliest national disaster. [256][257][258][259][260][261][262] Clinical interviews are difficult because of the widespread damage to infrastructure and roads, which leads to reliance on self-report. View a summary of the effects of the Christchurch earthquake which occurred on Tuesday 22 February, 2011. In April 2013, the rebuilding cost of Christchurch and the surrounding Canterbury region was estimated at $40 billion. The earthquake’s epicentre was located some 25 miles (40 km) west of Christchurch near the town of Darfield, and the focus was located about 6 miles (10 km) beneath the surface. It will be important to have information on a wide variety of demographic groups because the same mental health treatment will not help all of those affected by a trauma. [189] All Black Sonny Bill Williams and Sky Television both made large donations from Williams' fourth boxing bout which was dubbed "The Clash For Canterbury". The Canterbury Earthquakes caused a lot of damage, mostly in the city centre and eastern suburbs. [207] All courses expected to resume by 28 March, with plans for the April break to be shortened by two weeks to make up for lost time. The Causes of the Christchurch Earthquake On the 22nd of February 2011, 12:51 pm a catastrophic earthquake hit Christchurch, New Zealand. Looking at territorial areas only, i.e. [108], The earthquake combined with the urgency created by the unseasonably early break-up of sea ice on the Ross Ice Shelf caused logistical problems with the return of Antarctic summer season research operations from Scott Base and McMurdo Station in Antarctica to Christchurch.
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