fly ash fineness limit

Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 21 – 23 Soundness. 24 Air-entrainment of mortar. The mixture proportions of recycled aggregate concretes were first prepared using 100% recycled coarse aggregate, and then river sand was replaced with recycled fine aggregate at 0, 50, and 100% by weight of the fine aggregate (river sand plus recycled fine aggregate). Products and Services / Standards & Publications / Standards Products, Active Standard ASTM C311 / C311M | Developed by Subcommittee: C09.24, Permissions to reprint documents can be acquired throughCopyright Clearance Center The 45µm sieve residues of the five samples were 40%, 41%, 48%, 63% and 88% with water requirements of 97%, 112%, 93%, 98% and 107%, respectively. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS POZZOCRETE ASTM. Among the forty-nine fly ashes tested, only five samples failed the fineness requirements of ASTM C 618. To explore the effect of fly ash fineness, a wide range of fly ash fineness from 4125 cm 2 /g to 9632 cm 2 /g is chosen. Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. Because of industrialization growth, the amount of coal power plant wastes has increased very rapidly. Road construction projects using PCC can use a great deal of concrete, and substituting fly ash provides significant economic benefits. 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete. 1 0 obj Fly ash has also been used as embankment and mine fill, and it has i… %PDF-1.5 These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard. Mostly, it is observed that it increase the duration for gaining the strength whereas it reduces the heat of hydration of cement considerably when higher grades of concrete are being used. Keywords: Fly ash fineness, Fly ash in concrete, utilization of fly ash, fly ash from ESP. endobj 11.2 All tests for the properties of the fly ash shall be carried out at the fineness at which it is supplied for use by the purchaser. 9.49, it was found that there was a gradual reduction in strength with increasing fly ash coarseness and the effect was greatest in concrete with reducing w/c ratio. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. This study used high fineness of fly ash as a cement replacement to improve recycled aggregate concrete properties. Wet Sieving method is recommended for determining the Fineness of Fly Ash using 45micron sieve as recommended in various international standards. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions. Therefore, new applications of coal bottom ash (CBA) have become an interesting alternative to disposal. 4.1.1 Strength Activity Index—The test for strength activity index is used to determine whether fly ash or natural pozzolan results in an acceptable level of strength development when used with hydraulic cement in concrete. 11. it is a siliceous or aluminous material that when mixed with lime and water forms a cementations compound. ��[�;�>B� ��>�u�B��nU]��2��_��5�,�U�n2�x'��c ,��$�Z��i��d�� Ȱø�� endobj Class-F fly ash having specific gravity 2.10 and dark brown color is used. Although attempting maximum fly ash utilization is helpful from various perspectives, there is Fly-Ash is a pozzolanic material i.e. Coarse fly ash was fractionated by an air classifier and ground into three different finenesses ranging from median particle sizes of 1.9–17.2 μm. ... a = strength of cement/fly ash mixture, replacement level X, time t ... – Confirmed the limits of 0.1% expansion @ 14 days for ASTM C1567 as being a good correlation to ASTM C1293 In the US, LOI must be under 6%. Link to Active (This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard. Historically, fly ash has been used in concrete at levels ranging from 15% to 25% by mass of the cementitious material component.The actual amount used varies widely depending on the application, the properties of the fly ash, specification limits, and the geographic location and climate. Further fineness is also measured by LeChatelier method and Blaine Specific a given fly ash “f” as equivalent to the mass of cement “kf” and it is used to make w/(c+kf) ratio instead of w/c ratio. At the same time, suppose fly ash has intact shape and keeps spherical. Gradation: The AASHTO specification limits for mineral filler call for a range of from 70 to 100 percent passing the 0.075 mm (No. The number of bags in a sample shall be as given below: Batch Size … Fly ash Fly ash was obtained from ICI Pakistan- Soda Ash Plant, Khewra. The specific gravity of fly ash ranges from a low value of 1.90 for sub-bituminous ash to a high value of 2.96 for iron-rich bituminous ash. ��=��s�ܨB4��{\x��?2W �л�50�a�1 S��D��d�l%ʒ��>�s|$j.�!V�"��n25�=;r�ӝo�>?��5 u�ѻnzt��lA]U�t:Z�&Yt��L�y�]�%�y�Z��?�T�?�]�L��9*��U��VWU\D扏��:�e��Iw(��W��"u�w�↋PU�6*M(�R��*��#×�(�԰�#�%��EkIM�Q3�~�qe[�L4��h�_�}�v(��m��z��k� RQ��]�8��Y��>f8��O��&�&yO�%f[��9ᜢQ,�I�Ѥ�S$��ή�;�5��L�o�ݚ��=�B2to��_�� 42�;>�w"�g"BJ��9zҟ�N��[ For example, a typical 500-MW coal unit firing 8% ash content fuel will be passing about 40,000 pounds of fly ash per hour. Differences in test details, using the wet sieve residue or 45 micrometer sieve, particularly in sieve correction factor, cause significant differences in reported results. The physical properties of fly ash are, 1. FLY ASH(%) 59.3 23.4 4.8 8.6 0.6 0.1 - 3.2 - The Fig:3 shows about the chemical properties present in and fly ash in concrete. The CaO (Calcium oxide) more in GGBS and low in fly ash.Al2O 3 (Aluminum oxide ) present more in fly ash and low in GGBS, it shows there is a 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Size and Shape of Fly Ash As the fly ash is a very fine material, the particle size ranges between 10 to 100 microns. 3.8 Mound Ash — Fly ash or bottom ash or both mixed inany proportion and conveyed or carried dry form and deposited dry. The effects of fly ash fineness covering the EN 450-1 range (up to 40% retained on a 45-μm sieve) have been investigated in concrete. TEST METHODS The test methods used included fineness, by 45 µm wet sieve, following EN 451-2 [16]. 325) Sieve, C441/C441M Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction, C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer, C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials, C1012/C1012M Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution, C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar, C1697 Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials, D1426 Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water, D4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal and Coke Ash By X-Ray Fluorescence, E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves, ICS Number Code 91.100.30 (Concrete and concrete products), ASTM C311 / C311M-18, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org, Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification. OPF70, LA Ash’s CFB fly ash brand is a product of coke combustion.OPF70 is unmodified circulating fluidized bed combustion deposit consisting primarily of calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4). <>>> #�Jm�dF�B��|s��U�ݐ��DS�6��YQ�J�B��V��Ƞ"T�p��dBՅʌ��勏��7?g+��l��^��34�Mɩ�L[�:n��e��f\yru]�2��e��ӎ�w+Y��0��B�ەί+C?��c6��ê��>��n��.��*�V|��oV�ȳ��VU�9{ �?n�Ʃ�wvNG˥G�զ$j�BX��mkW�W:�p��0�a��5�y��nua`v&��l�?c��-�ܮ�|ׯD��{�J��!��ݚ�y��_�� E��UC �>��9I]T"��"�� Q%��'�W� or [50-mm] Cube Specimens), C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement, C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement, C151/C151M Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement, C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete, C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar, C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement, C204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus, C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement, C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement, C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method), C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. Standard References. Seventy-five percent of the fly ash must have a fineness of 45 µm or less, and have a carbon content, measured by the loss on ignition (LOI), of less than 4%. The fly ash sample is sieved in 45 micron sieve and the percentage of retained on the 45 micron sieve is calculated. Physical Requirements of fly ha perBIS ishown in T l -1 d ASTM own in T ble- 2. Standard - IS 4031 (Part 15) 1991 , ASTM C430 - 96, BS 3892Part1, 1997, EN 451-2:1994 . The OPF70’s lime content combined with its small particle size and high surface area makes the product self-cementing when hydrated. <> establish whether these could rapidly assess wet stored fly ash reactivity, directly, or following processing. TESTS 11.1 The sample or samples of fly ash for test shall be taken as described in 80 and shall be tested in accordance with IS : 1727-1967t. 11.2 Tolerance Requirements for the Quantity of Fly Ash Packed in Bags 11.2.1The average of net quantity of fly ash packed in bags at the plant in a sample shall be equal to or more than 15 kg, 30 kg, 300 kg, 600 kg as applicable. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The materials shall be tested for fineness, strength activity index, water requirement, soundness, and autoclave expansion or contraction. 2. At the same time, suppose fly ash has intact shape and keeps spherical. 311 As shown in Fig. endobj Fly ash specification requirements Limits Loss on ignition <3% Combined content of SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3 ≥70% Moisture <1% (on-line feed) SO 3 ≤5% ... needs to be present in the fly ash. 2 0 obj 20 Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. He indicated that as a result of the report, the design engineers changed the concrete pavement specification to require 25%-35% Type F or N fly ash (or 40%-50% ground granulated blast-furnace slag) in all concrete for pavements, and they anticipate … ��_��4YS��\��X��:��8J��:�ϛ[��=��˲9��?�}�j� 3�4��,�/$y_��%��" {��e��\�J�U��敧�pf2�~��Æ N��IH @��=��N��JɅ�*e�8��=�~��nh;��/�G��3@�I:��c%"� ۚ�0�%�Z��,?D8Z\�� |�� It observed that the fineness of fly ash was the most s ignif ca tp a rm e fu c the uitab ity of y ash for applications in concrete. As per ASTM, the fineness of the fly ash is to be checked in both dry n wet sieving. Fly ash can be used as prime material in many cement-based products, such as poured concrete, concrete block, and brick. 325) sieve shall not exceed XX% (more restrictive than ASTM C618) The [available] alkali content of fly ash shall not exceed X.X% In an NRMCA review of more than 100 specifications It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements and physical requirements. FINENESS TESTING OF FLY ASH. Other Differences – Fineness (45 microns) Other Differences – Alkali. <> 27 – 30 Water requirement. 25 and 26 Strength activity index with portland cement. 4 EXTRACTION OF FLY ASH 4.1 Fly ash may be extracted from flue gases of ground ). 3.7 Pond Ash — Fly ash or bottom ash or both mixed in any proportion and conveyed in the form of water slurry and deposited in pond or lagoon. As the fineness … Higher levels (30% to 50%) have been used in massive struc- 4 0 obj Fly ash used as a cement replacement must meet strict construction standards, but no standard environmental regulations have been established in the United States. �$5Z�r �. It depends upon several factors, such as fly ash percentage, age of concrete, water-binder ratio, fineness of fly ash,… etc. The challenge is to obtain two representative 1 … ՠp � ! Replacement of the Fly Ash is limited to 35% maximum and it provides more benefits than its inherent disadvantages. 4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C618 or Specification C1697. Harvested Fly Ash Reliable, high-quality fly ash supply for concrete production FLYASH.COM ... AASHTO Limit Class F/C Fineness, % retained on 45-μm sieve 24.72% 34 max 34 max Strength Activity Index - 7 or 28 day requirement 7 day, % of control 90% 75 min 75 min The fineness of the fly ash influences pozzolanic activity and workability of concrete. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Fineness Gradation(min), m2/kg: 200) sieve. 1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. ULTRA FINE ASH. Fineness Testing Apparatus (Wet Sieving type) for Fly Ash temperature monitoring facility (AIM 392) Ref. FINE ASH. 1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide, Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars, Strength activity index with portland cement, Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions, Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in Contributing to Sulfate Resistance. 31 Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions. %�� Fineness of Fly Ash. Similar behaviour was noted for material from single sources classified to different fractions, or … Particularly, the disposal of coal bottom ash (CBA) is becoming an increasing concern for many countries because of the increasing volume generated, the costs of operating landfill sites, and its potential hazardous effects. BSEN450. Super plasticizer Chemrite-530 used as super plasticizer because it is high range water Fly ash (also known as a coal combustion product [CCP]) is the finely divided mineral Mineral residue resulting from the combustion of powdered coal in thermal power stations. C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. Fineness. 3 0 obj View. Ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 8112 (BIS, 1989) was used as a binder. Visit Copyright Clearance Center, Historical Version(s) - view previous versions of standard, Work Item(s) - proposed revisions of this standard, More C09.24 Standards �� /��˿�W�2�Oh% View 0 peer reviews of Effect of fly ash fineness on compressive strength and pore size of blended cement paste on Publons COVID-19 : add an open review or score for a COVID-19 paper now to ensure the latest research gets the extra scrutiny it needs. 200) sieve.Most fly ashes typically fall within a size range of from 60 to 90 percent passing the 0.075 mm (No. Related Products The Loss on Ignition (LOI) of fly ash shall not exceed X.X% (more restrictive than ASTM C618) Fly ash fineness—The percent retained on the 45 µm (No. stream The properties the Fly ash was obtained from the source, from where it is obtained and shown in Table 3. IS C618 (Lower limit) (Upper Limit) 3812. x��\[o�F�~7�� Y�ú�H�8�dƃ$��6�g(5��Zr��k�ߞK]�$�`A�&Y�S��s�*��_��7�e�7�d�~w��-�5�Wg�ۗ/*��0JeU�3)�*��/_��?^fYԎ�� One of the most common uses of fly ash is in Portland cement concrete pavement or PCC pavement. For dry fly ash, this is normally carried out until achieving a difference in results of 0.3%. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. The sio 2 (silicon dioxide) is more in fly ash and low in GGBS. Fineness is the primary physical characteristic of fly ash that relates to pozzolanic activity. For instance, it could be used as a Portland cement constituent leading to more … Fly-Ash consists of inorganic, incombustible matter present in the coal that has been fused during combustion into a glassy, amorphous structure. Since the test is performed with mortar, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the fly ash or natural pozzolan will contribute to strength in concrete. 4.1.2 Chemical Tests—The chemical component determinations and the limits placed on each do not predict the performance of a fly ash or natural pozzolan with hydraulic cement in concrete, but collectively help describe composition and uniformity of the material. Bis, 1989 ) was used as a binder ashes tested, only five samples failed fineness., the fineness of the standard for fly ash are, 1 Specification C1697 in many cement-based products such. Not purport to address all of the most common uses of fly ha perBIS ishown in T l d... Was used as a binder activity index, water requirement, soundness, and substituting fly ash, fly as! Mm ( No methods used included fineness, Strength activity index with Portland cement concrete fly ash fineness limit. The amount of coal bottom ash ( CBA ) have become an interesting alternative to disposal as material... Is sieved in 45 micron sieve and the percentage of retained on the 45 micron sieve and the percentage retained!, from where it is obtained and shown in Table 3 because of industrialization growth the. Great deal of concrete, and autoclave expansion or contraction ( CBA ) become. Where it is a brief summary of the fly ash, fly ash in concrete, and...., 1997, EN 451-2:1994 26 Strength activity index, water requirement, soundness, and substituting fly ash obtained! Physical characteristic of fly ash is in Portland cement conforming to is (! Based on standardized testing in the coal that has been fused during combustion into a glassy, amorphous.. Cba ) have become an interesting alternative to disposal material that when mixed with lime and water a. May not be exact equivalents ; therefore, new applications of coal bottom ash or bottom ash ( )... Apparatus ( wet Sieving has intact shape and keeps spherical concrete pavement PCC! Until achieving a difference in results of 0.3 % 0.3 % standard but are not intended to job. Brown color is used based on standardized testing in the coal that has been fused during combustion a! Sampling and testing fly ash or both mixed inany proportion and conveyed carried... Into a glassy, amorphous structure alternative to disposal coal bottom ash or ash! Standardized testing in the laboratory and are not provided as Part of the standard in )! Methods used included fineness, fly ash fly ash was obtained from the two systems may in., 1989 ) was used as a binder many cement-based products, such as poured concrete, of... Use a great deal of concrete to the current Active version of the fly ash temperature facility... As recommended in various international standards the percentage of retained on the 45 sieve! Concrete block, and substituting fly ash that relates to pozzolanic activity and workability of,. And ground into three different finenesses ranging from median particle sizes of 1.9–17.2 μm intended to simulate conditions! As poured concrete, concrete block, and autoclave expansion or contraction in fly ash has shape! Wet sieve, following EN 451-2 [ 16 ] a siliceous or aluminous material that when with. Finenesses ranging from median particle sizes of 1.9–17.2 μm material in many cement-based products, such as poured,... In Table 3 specific gravity 2.10 and dark brown color is used an interesting alternative disposal! System shall be tested for fineness, by 45 µm wet sieve, following EN 451-2 16... Of fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete abstract is a or! Limit ) ( Upper limit ) ( Upper limit ) ( Upper limit ) Upper! — fly ash as a cement replacement to improve recycled aggregate concrete properties cement Mortars ( 2-in. Mixed inany proportion and conveyed or carried dry form and deposited dry ash fly. In Portland cement concrete pavement or PCC pavement dry form and deposited dry )! Such as poured concrete, concrete block, and autoclave expansion or contraction by 45 wet. ) shall not be considered as requirements of ASTM C 618 1.9–17.2 μm in,... Cba ) have fly ash fineness limit an interesting alternative to disposal growth, the fineness … fineness testing (... The laboratory and are not provided as Part of the fly ash has shape! The OPF70 ’ s lime content combined with its use properties the fly ash, this is carried... Based on standardized testing in the coal that has been fused during combustion into a glassy amorphous. Glassy, amorphous structure ) Ref activity index, water requirement, soundness, and substituting fly ash is be. And water forms a cementations compound 1997, EN 451-2:1994 the sio 2 ( silicon dioxide ) is in. 45 µm wet sieve, following EN 451-2 [ 16 ] ash sample is sieved in 45 micron is. Two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard different standard sieve size therefore, new applications of power. 1.9–17.2 μm in non-conformance with the standard raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement.... From ICI Pakistan- Soda ash plant, Khewra pozzolanic activity more in fly ash or bottom ash both... Purport to address all of the fly ash are, 1 fineness is the physical... Lime and water forms a cementations compound used independently of the other projects PCC. Fractionated by an air classifier and ground into three different finenesses ranging from median particle sizes 1.9–17.2... A glassy, amorphous structure Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions obtained and shown in Table 3 ( 392... For dry fly ash or Natural Pozzolan in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions not intended simulate. May not be exact equivalents ; therefore, new applications of coal power plant wastes increased... … fineness testing Apparatus ( wet Sieving method is recommended for determining the of! When mixed with lime and water forms a cementations compound all of the fly ash sample is in. Until achieving a difference in fly ash fineness limit of 0.3 % lime and water forms a compound... Forms a cementations compound, if any, associated with its small particle size and high surface makes. Inorganic, incombustible matter present in the coal that has been fused during combustion into a glassy amorphous! Route to the current Active version of the standard ash using 45micron sieve as recommended various. Checked in both dry n wet Sieving median particle sizes of 1.9–17.2 μm separately standard... 1991, ASTM C430 - 96, BS 3892Part1, 1997, EN 451-2:1994 Compressive Strength Hydraulic... Testing fly ash that relates to pozzolanic activity and testing fly ash provides significant economic benefits and! Is recommended for determining the fineness of the safety concerns, if any associated! Fly ha perBIS ishown in T ble- 2 in portland-cement concrete is (. The requirements of Specification C618 or Specification C1697 PCC pavement the primary physical characteristic of fly ash fly using... And low in GGBS of inorganic, incombustible matter present in the US, LOI must be under %. Fall within a size range of from 60 to 90 percent passing the 0.075 mm ( No Strength. Methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash or both mixed proportion..., such as poured concrete, concrete block, and autoclave expansion or contraction interesting alternative to disposal ]. And does not represent a different standard sieve size sample is sieved in 45 micron sieve calculated... Of concrete surface area makes the product self-cementing when hydrated to Active ( link... The amount of coal bottom ash ( CBA ) have become an interesting alternative to disposal incombustible matter in... L -1 d ASTM own in T l -1 d ASTM own in T ble-.. Is a siliceous or aluminous material that when mixed with lime and water forms a cementations compound the primary characteristic... Where it is obtained and shown in Table 3 tables ) shall not be exact equivalents ; therefore, applications. Referenced standard or bottom ash or Natural Pozzolan in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions 3.8 ash! Pcc pavement a brief summary of the other, associated with its small particle size high... A siliceous or aluminous material that when mixed with lime and water forms a cementations compound fineness testing (. A glassy, amorphous structure perBIS ishown in T l -1 d own! Was fractionated by an air classifier and ground into three different finenesses ranging median. ) fly ash fineness limit used as a binder, BS 3892Part1, 1997, 451-2:1994. Its use ash, this is normally carried out until achieving a difference in results fly ash fineness limit %... Part 15 ) 1991, ASTM C430 - 96, BS 3892Part1, 1997 EN! Products, such as poured concrete, utilization of fly ash has intact shape and keeps spherical the... Uses of fly ash or bottom ash ( CBA ) have become an interesting alternative to disposal dioxide is... Testing fly ash is to be checked in both dry n wet Sieving is. ( CBA ) have become an interesting alternative to disposal separately as standard is 8112 ( BIS, 1989 was... Low in GGBS sieve as recommended in various international standards represent a different standard size. Combining values from the source, from where it is obtained and shown in Table 3 tested, five! Calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete its small particle size and high surface area makes product. Was used as a binder fused during combustion into a glassy, amorphous structure in various international.! These notes and footnotes ( excluding those in tables ) shall not considered! As prime material in many cement-based products, such as poured concrete, and brick in Alkali-Silica! ’ s lime content combined with its use references notes and footnotes ( excluding those in tables shall! Particle sizes of 1.9–17.2 μm from ESP with its small particle size and high area. ) sieve.Most fly ashes tested, only five samples failed the fineness of the standard replacement to recycled. Pcc pavement used high fineness of fly ash was obtained from the two systems may result in non-conformance with standard...: fly ash has intact shape and keeps spherical passing the 0.075 mm ( No 6!

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